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The Multiverse | The Evidence Course | Session 3 / Part 1 (2021-08-11) ​

Description ​

Sesson 3 Part 1

In an age of information overload and widespread pseudo-intellectualism, understanding the core foundations of Islam is as essential as ever.

This course comprehensively deconstructs the skeletal structure of prevalent ideologies and concepts such as atheism, scientism, materialism, secularism, and skepticism, in light of an all-encompassing intellectually robust Islamic worldview.

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The Hosts: ----------------------| Jake Brancatella, The Muslim Metaphysician

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Yusuf Ponders, The Pondering Soul

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Sharif

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Abdulrahman

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#multiverse #stringtheory #KCA

Summary of The Multiverse | The Evidence Course | Session 3 / Part 1 ​

This summary is AI generated - there may be inaccuracies. *

00:00:00 - 00:10:00 ​

Professor Brian Cox discusses the idea of the universe being contingent, and how this provides an explanation for the existence of limited dependent beings. He argues that the idea of infinite sums of finite things is an impossibility, and that this is not based in rational thinking. He uses this argument to refute the contention that time has a beginning, as well as the idea that there could be an infinite number of universes.

**00:00:00

  • Discusses the argument that the universe is contingent and that this provides an explanation for the existence of limited dependent beings.
  • **00:05:00 ** Professor Brian Cox discusses the idea of infinite sums of finite things, which is an impossibility. He argues that this idea is not based in rational thinking, and there is a paradox within the argument.
  • **00:10:00 ** The philosopher argues that the sum of finite things always equals infinity, which means that the universe must be finite. This argument is used to refute the contention that time has a beginning, as well as the idea that there could be an infinite number of universes.

Full transcript with timestamps: CLICK TO EXPAND

0:00:14 muhammad so in session two we looked at0:00:18 the various arguments for the belief in0:00:21 the creator we didn't want to go through0:00:22 all the arguments for the belief in the0:00:24 creator we just want to use certain key0:00:26 arguments0:00:27 all most of the arguments they all0:00:29 rested upon this idea of0:00:32 why do we ask the question what causes0:00:34 something0:00:36 and we ask this question when we0:00:37 identify something that is contingent0:00:40 and we said everything within the0:00:42 universe including the universe itself0:00:45 is contingent0:00:46 meaning it has a beginning to its0:00:48 existence0:00:50 it has certain attributes which are only0:00:52 possible it could have had other0:00:54 attributes it could be arranged in0:00:56 another way as opposed to the way that0:00:58 we see it0:00:59 when we can identify this about the0:01:02 universe and we know that the universe0:01:04 didn't decide its own existence and we0:01:07 know that the universe didn't decide its0:01:08 own attributes and the universe didn't0:01:11 decide its own0:01:12 you know composition and arrangement0:01:14 it's like saying the table decided its0:01:17 own existence or the table decided0:01:20 its own attributes or the table this0:01:22 decided to put the the you know the legs0:01:26 of the table and the top in the0:01:27 particular0:01:28 fashion that it was0:01:31 because we identify0:01:33 this thing about the universe then we0:01:35 require something external to the0:01:37 universe just like we require something0:01:38 external to the table0:01:40 it's a very profound but simple point i0:01:43 think you know it's not too complicated0:01:46 to really understand this point0:01:49 now0:01:50 in session three we're going to look at0:01:52 some of the contentions to some of these0:01:54 arguments what are the arguments that0:01:55 people use0:01:57 against this0:01:59 and one of the arguments and one of the0:02:01 contentions is this argument that the0:02:03 universe0:02:04 or that their explanation the reason why0:02:07 we've got so many possible beings0:02:09 contingent beings is we've got an0:02:12 infinite number of universe0:02:13 so in universe0:02:15 1 water balls at 100 degrees celsius in0:02:18 universe 2 it boils at 101 degrees in0:02:21 universe 3 balls 102 degrees and because0:02:23 there's an infinite number of universes0:02:25 it accounts for why0:02:28 the objects within the universe have0:02:30 those particular attributes and those0:02:32 particular0:02:34 arrangements so this is one of the0:02:36 arguments that they attempt to use to0:02:38 try and circumvent0:02:39 uh0:02:40 the uh0:02:41 the possible beings that exist within0:02:43 each universe0:02:46 even some scientists propose the idea0:02:49 of a multiverse some scientists argue0:02:52 that the laws of quantum mechanics or0:02:55 the implications of super string theory0:02:57 indicates that there are more than one0:02:59 universe out there0:03:01 however there's two problems regards to0:03:04 this question about could there be a0:03:06 multiple number of universe and could0:03:09 this provide an explanation of why0:03:11 limited dependent things exist0:03:15 uh why they have the particular0:03:16 attributes well the first problem is0:03:19 this0:03:20 it still doesn't provide an explanation0:03:22 why limited contingent beings exist in0:03:25 the first place0:03:27 why does each universe0:03:29 have a specific set of attributes0:03:33 and a specific set of patterns different0:03:36 to another universe so why is universe a0:03:38 like this and universe b like that0:03:42 it doesn't provide an explanation it's0:03:45 just simply saying this universe exists0:03:47 and this universe exists and this one0:03:49 has a possible existence and that one0:03:52 has a possible existence we still not0:03:54 explained why they exist in the first0:03:56 place therefore it's not an explanation0:03:59 to the existence of limited contingent0:04:02 beings0:04:03 secondly0:04:04 even if we grant the idea that there is0:04:07 an infinite number of universes or0:04:09 multiverses0:04:12 we still have a problem0:04:14 and that problem0:04:16 is uh or0:04:18 the problem is this idea that you can0:04:20 have an infinite number0:04:23 of finite things0:04:25 so if you've got an infinite number of0:04:27 universes what you're saying is you've0:04:28 got0:04:29 one two three four five0:04:32 to infinity number of universes0:04:35 so you have an infinite number of0:04:37 limited things so one universe is0:04:39 limited self-contained different to0:04:40 another universe0:04:42 and some people say well that's a0:04:44 possibility because you know don't0:04:45 doesn't numbers go on forever don't0:04:48 numbers just keep going on you can keep0:04:50 adding one to a particular set of0:04:52 numbers and go on forever0:04:54 so couldn't the universe be like that0:04:57 and we say0:04:58 that the statement an infinite sum of0:05:01 finite things we say this is an0:05:03 impossibility and it's a contradiction0:05:06 it's an irrational argument it's a0:05:07 rational idea0:05:09 and there's a number of ways of arguing0:05:12 this and demonstrating how it's0:05:14 irrational0:05:15 the first way0:05:17 is to look at the issue to give an0:05:19 analogy0:05:20 about marbles0:05:22 actually before i give the analogy of0:05:24 marbles i want to just explain this0:05:27 point about numbers and do numbers0:05:29 actual in actuality go on forever even0:05:32 though there's no terminating number or0:05:34 maybe another way to look at it can i0:05:36 count when i start from one0:05:39 and i continue counting two three four0:05:42 five can i continue counting and reach0:05:45 the infinite number0:05:48 now most people would say well that's0:05:50 impossible you can't do that because0:05:52 every number you land upon will be what0:05:56 a finite number so if you go a trillion0:05:59 you'd have a trillion and one it's a0:06:00 finite number a squillion a squillion0:06:03 and one still a finite number0:06:05 so you can never actually reach0:06:07 infinite number0:06:09 what you reach is another finite number0:06:12 so when we say we the numbers go on0:06:14 forever even if we count and we take out0:06:17 the concept of you know we say we've got0:06:19 an eternal life0:06:20 we're still counting we will always land0:06:22 upon and finite set of numbers0:06:25 yeah it's finite number and even if0:06:27 somebody says yeah you can reach0:06:28 infinite well okay what was the number0:06:30 just before you got to infinity0:06:33 obviously there is no number just before0:06:34 infinity0:06:36 the other0:06:37 example that i wanted to give0:06:39 was the example of0:06:41 an infinite pile of marbles0:06:44 just to explain and just also0:06:46 demonstrate0:06:47 the irrationality of this statement of0:06:50 an infinite finite finite things0:06:52 infinite sum of finite things0:06:54 so imagine you had an infinite number of0:06:56 marbles0:06:58 and0:07:00 this big pile of marbles with an0:07:01 infinite number of marbles you cut them0:07:04 in half exactly0:07:06 how many number of marbles do you have0:07:10 in each of the halves0:07:12 now somebody might say well they become0:07:14 finite well if they became a finite0:07:16 number a limited number then limited0:07:19 pile of marbles at a limited pile of0:07:22 marbles would equal0:07:23 a limited number of marbles0:07:26 so when you cut the marbles in half you0:07:28 have to have0:07:29 infinite number of marbles in one half0:07:32 and another infinite in the other pile0:07:35 of marbles0:07:36 and in fact if you create four piles0:07:40 yeah i cut them into quarters four piles0:07:42 of marbles then every pile of marbles0:07:45 would have to be infinite because when0:07:46 you add infinite plus infinite plus0:07:48 infinite plus infinite equals infinite0:07:50 if they became limited then limited plus0:07:52 limited plus limited plus limited would0:07:55 equal a limited number so every0:07:58 fraction of an infinite sum of finite0:08:01 things would have to be0:08:03 infinite every every fraction would have0:08:06 to be have contained an infinite amount0:08:08 of things0:08:09 now0:08:10 there's a contradiction that we're0:08:13 starting to see0:08:15 one of these contradictions is0:08:18 why when we say that the infinite0:08:22 is being subdivided here0:08:25 if i was to take three marbles away from0:08:28 the infinite pile of marbles0:08:31 the original pile that i had0:08:34 have i decreased infinity0:08:36 the answer would be no we haven't0:08:38 decreased the number of marbles because0:08:39 the marbles are still infinite0:08:42 but if you not decrease the number of0:08:44 marbles then where those three marbles0:08:46 come from0:08:48 not only this0:08:49 but those three marbles are a fraction0:08:53 of the overall number of marbles and we0:08:55 said every fraction of an infinite0:08:58 infinite sum of finite things has to be0:09:01 infinite0:09:02 but here we have a proportion a fraction0:09:06 which is finite i3 free marbles of the0:09:10 overall pile0:09:11 so the proportion of the0:09:13 pile of marbles0:09:15 is equivalent to the proportion of the0:09:17 three so if the three is a finite number0:09:19 then the overall would also be finite0:09:21 would also be limited if we are saying0:09:23 that it's infinite then we have this0:09:25 contradiction this paradox where we're0:09:27 saying every fraction is infinite but0:09:29 then we create a fraction of taking0:09:31 three marbles away from the overall and0:09:33 it's not infinite anymore0:09:35 so when we look at this argument about0:09:37 infinite uh infinite sum of finite0:09:39 things we say it's an impossibility and0:09:40 this is not just something which0:09:43 i said or a few people said even famous0:09:46 mathematicians like david hilbert0:09:48 has mentioned the point0:09:50 that this idea of infinity is not the0:09:53 basis of rational thinking you can't use0:09:56 it as a basis of rational thinking he0:09:58 even argued that there is nothing within0:10:00 the universe0:10:02 whether that is a circle uh like uh the0:10:05 most spherical thing that we know is an0:10:07 electron whether it is even the universe0:10:10 and its expansion there's nothing within0:10:12 the universe that is actually infinite0:10:14 so even this idea that the universe is0:10:16 constantly getting bigger and bigger and0:10:18 bigger he says at every moment of its0:10:20 size it will always be finite0:10:23 yeah so it's just constantly bigger0:10:25 getting bigger so he'd use this term0:10:27 it's finite but unbound so he's saying0:10:29 it's still finite at any moment even0:10:32 though it will continue to0:10:34 expand0:10:36 so he explains that this idea of0:10:38 infinity is impossible to be applied0:10:41 in the real world it just doesn't make0:10:43 sense it falls into contradictions and0:10:45 it falls into inconsistencies so when0:10:48 somebody argues that you can have an0:10:50 infinite number of universes0:10:54 then that is a fallacy that is a0:10:57 contradiction and we can use this0:10:59 argument that you can that the sum of0:11:01 finite is always finite to explain0:11:04 that the universe is finite so if i can0:11:07 measure the distance between two points0:11:09 between this point point a and point b0:11:11 and we say it's one meter0:11:13 then i know that the rest of the0:11:14 universe is a fraction a proportion over0:11:18 these two points0:11:20 and if the fraction and proportion is0:11:22 finite0:11:23 then the universe must also be finite0:11:25 even without measuring the entirety of0:11:27 the universe0:11:29 similarly if i ask the question does0:11:31 time have a beginning0:11:33 and i say time is the number of events0:11:36 that have taken place0:11:37 could time have a beginning or could it0:11:39 be eternal well eternality would mean an0:11:42 infinite number of events0:11:45 but we just said an infinity cannot0:11:47 exist0:11:48 when it comes to adding up finite things0:11:51 to make infinity0:11:52 so therefore there must be a limited0:11:55 number of events and thus a beginning to0:11:59 time0:12:00 so what we've shown0:12:01 is that the0:12:02 sum of finite is always finite therefore0:12:05 that has to be even if we're talking0:12:07 about other universes there has to be a0:12:09 finite number of other universes they're0:12:11 still limited contingent dependent0:12:13 beings0:12:14 we have to have a space which is finite0:12:18 and a universe therefore which is0:12:20 limited and finite and we also have to0:12:22 have time which has to have a beginning0:12:25 because the number of events in time0:12:27 also have a beginning uh0:12:30 the the number events have to have0:12:32 is a finite number0:12:34 so0:12:35 this contention that is used by some0:12:38 atheists0:12:39 fails0:12:40 to be a rational basis to really0:12:43 undermine the proof for the existence of0:12:45 the creator0:12:57 you

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